At and near physiological pH, saccharide binding by the receptor results in a partial charge neutralization of the viologen.
3.
If the sample is non-conductive, a low energy electron flood gun can be used to provide charge neutralization.
4.
This charge neutralization weakens the binding of DNA to histones causing the DNA to unwind from the histone proteins and thereby significantly increases the rate of transcription of this DNA.
5.
Adsorption of oppositely charged species ( e . g ., protons, specifically adsorbing ions, surfactants, or polyelectrolytes ) may destabilize a particle suspension by charge neutralization or stabilize it by buildup of charge, leading to a fast aggregation near the charge neutralization point, and slow aggregation away from it.
6.
Adsorption of oppositely charged species ( e . g ., protons, specifically adsorbing ions, surfactants, or polyelectrolytes ) may destabilize a particle suspension by charge neutralization or stabilize it by buildup of charge, leading to a fast aggregation near the charge neutralization point, and slow aggregation away from it.
7.
The nucleic acids are then released into the cytoplasm by different mechanisms depending upon the formulation used : 1 ) is the proton sponge effect caused by cationic polymers coated on the nanoparticles that promote endosome osmotic swelling, disruption of the endosome membrane and intracellular release of DNA form, 2 ) is the destabilization of endosome by cationic lipids coated on the particles that release the nucleic acid into cells by flip-flop of cell negative lipids and charge neutralization and 3 ) is the usual viral infection mechanism when virus is used.
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