The Dean number " D " is the only parameter left in the system, and encapsulates the leading order curvature effects.
2.
This solution is stable up to a critical Dean number D _ c \ approx 956 ( Dennis & Ng 1982 ).
3.
The Dean number is therefore the product of the Reynolds number ( based on axial flow v through a pipe of diameter d ) and the square root of the curvature ratio.
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