The remainder should equal zero if there are no detectable errors.
2.
A random-minimum distance coding can provide a strict guarantee on the number of detectable errors, but it may not protect against a preimage attack.
3.
To override the encoding of such an XML document would mean that the document stopped being XML, as it is a fatal error for XML documents to have an encoding declaration with detectable errors.
4.
This partial information could have been gained both by eavesdropping on the quantum channel during key transmission ( thus introducing detectable errors ), and on the public channel during information reconciliation ( where it is assumed Eve gains all possible parity information ).
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