The distribution of velocities in the displacing mass resembles that in a viscous liquid.
2.
Between 1859 and 1866, he developed the theory of the distributions of velocities in particles of a gas, work later generalised by Ludwig Boltzmann.
3.
The value of v as a function of \ omega _ 0 and \ omega _ { lab } can be inserted in the distribution of velocities.
4.
One can imagine the ions produced by the dissociation and ionization lasers as expanding outward from the center-of-mass with a particular distribution of velocities.
5.
If the reactants have a distribution of velocities, e . g . a thermal distribution, then it is useful to perform an average over the distributions of the product of cross section and velocity.
6.
In practice there may also be broadening of the line shape due to inhomogeneous broadening, most notably due to the Doppler effect resulting from the distribution of velocities in a gas at a certain temperature.
7.
For instance, the well-known Navier-Stokes equations that describe the time evolution of a fluid are prognostic equations that predict the future distribution of velocities in that fluid on the basis of current fields such as the pressure gradient.
8.
As the laser excitation is started, the molecules inside the cavity emit photons, but since the molecules have a thermal velocity, the light inside the laser cavity is at first a range of frequencies, corresponding to the statistical distribution of velocities.
9.
Collisions establish a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution of velocities, and the'temperature'normally used to describe interstellar gas is the'kinetic temperature', which describes the temperature at which the particles would have the observed Maxwell Boltzmann velocity distribution in thermodynamic equilibrium.
10.
If there is a distribution of velocities and a " hard pulse " \ left ( | \ Delta | \ ll \ Omega _ { \ perp } \ right ) is applied in the interaction zones so that all of the spins of the atoms are rotated \ frac { \ pi } { 2 } on the Bloch sphere regardless of whether or not they all were excited to exactly the same resonance frequency, the Ramsey fringes will look very similar to those discussed above.
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