Thus Hausdorff utilized the gap characters and element characters introduced by him.
2.
FastML is a web-server for probabilistic reconstruction of ancestral sequences by maximum likelihood that uses a gap character model for reconstructing indel variation.
3.
If W is a predetermined set of characters ( element and gap characters ), the question arises whether there are ordered sets whose character set is exactly W.
4.
Sequences are expected to be represented in the standard IUB / IUPAC amino acid and nucleic acid codes, with these exceptions : lower-case letters are accepted and are mapped into upper-case; a single hyphen or dash can be used to represent a gap character; and in amino acid sequences, U and * are acceptable letters ( see below ).
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