It also has a synergistic role in extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine.
2.
As Dilkes explains, coupling between lateral flexion and axial rotation throughout the vertebrae, translates to limited locomotion.
3.
The function of the splenius cervicis muscle is extension of the cervical spine, rotation to the ipsilateral side and lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side.
4.
Together with the vertebral disc, this uncinate process prevents a vertebra from sliding backwards off the vertebra below it and limits lateral flexion ( side-bending ).
5.
Other trainers start a horse with a snaffle bit, then once lateral flexion is achieved, move to a bosal to encourage flexion, then transition to a curb.
6.
It is particularly useful for encouraging flexion and softness in the young horse, though it has a design weakness that it is less useful than a snaffle bit for encouraging lateral flexion.
7.
In terms of locomotion, Dilkes mentions that compared to " Cacops ", " Dissorphus " likely had a more flexible in terms of lateral flexion and axial rotation.
8.
In the case of " Cacops ", Dilkes s interpretation on the 20 degree angle of inclination of the zygapophyses indicate that coupling between lateral flexion and axial rotation is highly limited.
9.
When both shoulders are fixed, a simultaneous co-contraction of both levator scapulae muscles in equal amounts would not produce lateral flexion or rotation, and may produce straight flexion or extension of the cervical spine.
10.
Cervical PPIVMs can be performed in cervical lateral flexion or rotation, with the therapist restricting movement beyond a certain cervical level by blocking with the hand; this allows the identification of the exact spinal level where patient symptoms occur.
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