The first test installation between inductive loop coupled to the locomotive s receiver.
2.
Other means of input and output coupling used are a wire loop coupling to the magnetic field near the shorted end, or a probe capacitively coupling near the open end.
3.
An "'optical ring resonator "'is a set of waveguides in which at least one is a closed loop coupled to some sort of light input and output . ( These can be, but are not limited to being, waveguides . ) The concepts behind optical ring resonators are the same as those behind whispering galleries except that they use light and obey the properties behind constructive interference and total internal reflection.
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