In an average melanom ( where melanomas have a higher exome mutation frequency
2.
Notably Colostrinin decreased UVA and UVB radiation induced mutation frequency.
3.
Carcinomas, however, have much higher mutation frequencies.
4.
In cancer, mutation frequencies are much higher, due to genome instability.
5.
This increased mutation frequency probably accounts for the pigmentation changes and the skin cancers.
6.
Cells expressing limiting amounts of WRN have elevated mutation frequencies compared with wildtype cells.
7.
The mutation frequencies were determined by comparing gene sequences in homologous genes in chimpanzees and humans.
8.
Sealing of blunt DNA ends within a functional gene sequence occurs with a mutation frequency of about 50 %.
9.
Mutations in MSH2 and other mismatch repair genes cause DNA damage to go unrepaired, resulting in an increase in mutation frequency.
10.
Here is a study that specifically looked at drug resistance in Lactobacillus, and concluded that high spontaneous mutation frequencies were responsible.
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