Early, most logical positivists proposed that all knowledge is based on logical inference from simple " protocol sentences " grounded in observable facts.
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That is, instead of translating sentences about physical objects into sense-data, such sentences were to be translated into so-called " protocol sentences ", for example, " " X " at location " Y " and at time " T " observes such and such . " The central theses of logical positivism ( verificationism, the analytic-synthetic distinction, reductionism, etc . ) came under sharp attack after World War II by thinkers such as Nelson Goodman, W . V . Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty.
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