They are known to release a sex pheromone from the pygidial gland, an exocrine gland found between the last two abdominal segments.
2.
They are known for swimming by emitting pygidial gland secretions that reduce surface tension and allow them to move on the surface of water.
3.
Bombardier beetles have well-developed, like other carabid beetles, pygidial glands that empty from the lateral edges of the intersegment membranes between the seventh and eighth abdominal segments.
4.
While Bombardier beetles have well developed, like other carabid beetles, pygidial glands that empty from the lateral edges of the intersegment membranes between the seventh and eighth abdominal segments.
5.
The secretions differ in the chemical constituents, according to the taxa . prothoracic glands secreting steroids; and the Gyrinidae are unique in the extended shape of the external opening of the pygidial gland.
6.
Their pygidial glands can produce explosive secretions, giving them the other name of "'flanged bombardier beetles "'although they are not particularly close relatives of the typical bombardier beetles ( Brachininae ).
7.
The results were as follows : " the mean duration of aggression by the Dufour s gland treatment was 53.3 seconds . . . The mean duration of aggression for the water, pygidial gland, and poison gland controls were : 143.5 seconds, and 137.2 seconds and 132.2 seconds respectively ".
8.
Most are concentrated on the anteromedian portion of the pygidium and some on the posteromedian portion of abdominal tergite VI, a position that would coincide with the position of the pygidial gland, which opens between abdominal tergites VI and VII . The structure of the micropegs with their associated hairs also hints at some sort of glandular function, or possibly a mechano-reception function during stinging, but a more convincing explanation will only be possible after a histological study.
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