Both words are participles of the Latin verb " } } " ( " to move; to change; to exchange " ) . " " is its ablative absolute, using the ablative case to show that the clause is a necessary condition for the rest of the sentence.
12.
:Either " both of these charges carry " ( since it is a current fact of law that they do carry this penalty ) or " with both of these charges carrying " which is an ablative absolute construction are fine . even the past tense is okay, but it has a strange emphasis.
13.
The first line of the bull reads " Audita tremendi severitate judicii, quod super terram Jerusalem divina manus exercuit . . . ", in English " On hearing with what severe and terrible judgement the land of Jerusalem has been smitten by the divine hand . . . " ( the phrase " audita severitate " is a Latin grammatical construction known as ablative absolute ).
