The British computer scientist Paul Cockshott in 2013 attacked the German Marxist academic Michael Heinrich who, Cockshott argued, wrongly reinterpreted the concept of abstract labour so that it is no longer a scientifically testable concept.
12.
Without referring explicitly to Marx's work on the labour theory of value of David Ricardo, the marginal utility theorist William Stanley Jevons clearly stated the main criticism of the concept of abstract labour in his 1871 treatise:
13.
In his book " Crack Capitalism ", John Holloway considers abstract labour as the most radical foundational category of Marx's theory, and therefore he recommends the struggle against abstract labour as the centrepiece of the political struggle against capitalism.
14.
In his book " Crack Capitalism ", John Holloway considers abstract labour as the most radical foundational category of Marx's theory, and therefore he recommends the struggle against abstract labour as the centrepiece of the political struggle against capitalism.
15.
He argues that from the Marxist stand-point of two-fold nature of labour or abstract labour and concrete labour, that anti-capitalist struggles should be about concrete doing against labour, and not a struggle of labour against capital.
16.
Logically, the only way Marx has to express an identity of aggregated output " prices " and aggregated output " values ", is to say that both of the totals are equal to exactly the same quantity of abstract labour time, or a quantity of gold.
17.
The suggestion of some authors ( such as Reuten / Williams ) is that although Marx's labour theory of value is theoretically wrong as stated, his theory can be modified such that, rather than value being created by co-operative human labour, value and abstract labour can be regarded as effects ( " social forms " ) created by the exchange-process itself.
