| 11. | Each areole has up to 26 radial spines which are red, pink, or white in color.
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| 12. | Each areole has some wool and several slightly curved yellowish to white spines up to half a centimeter long.
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| 13. | There are many spines on each areole, the central ones up to 4.4 centimeters in length.
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| 14. | There are up to 21 bristle-like radial spines on each areole and one to three hooked central spines.
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| 15. | A typical areole may have one or a few long, sharp central spines, which serve as the primary defense.
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| 16. | Beneath them are often numerous ( 10 or more ) smaller, radial spines produced around the edge of the areole.
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| 17. | The outer perianth segments are linear, green, and tipped by an areole like those of the tube and ovary.
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| 18. | The development of the areole seems to have been an important element in the adaptation of cacti to niches in desert ecology.
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| 19. | Each areole commonly has 1-7 roundish to angular apothecia that are . 1-1.3 mm in diameter.
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| 20. | There is a single straight central spine to each areole, long, and five to seven more slender radial spines, long.
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