CRH acts synergistically with arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, and epinephrine . ( In swine, which do not produce arginine vasopressin, lysine vasopressin acts synergistically with CRH .)
12.
CRH acts synergistically with arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, and epinephrine . ( In swine, which do not produce arginine vasopressin, lysine vasopressin acts synergistically with CRH .)
13.
This is in contrast to central / neurogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) / Arginine Vasopressin ( AVP ).
14.
In the chicken ( Gallus gallus ), the 161-amino acid vasotocin-neurophysin VT preprohormone is encoded by the gene AVP, which is considered homologous to the mammalian genes encoding arginine vasopressin.
15.
Lysine vasopressin ( lypressin ) has a lysine in place of the arginine as the eighth amino acid, and is found in pigs and some related animals, whereas arginine vasopressin is found in humans.
16.
The vasopressin-like peptides, which differ in positions 3 and / or 8, include AVT and the mammalian hormones arginine vasopressin ( Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2, with isoleucine-3 of AVT changed to phenylalanine ) and lysine vasopressin ( isoleucine-3 changed to phenylalanine and arginine-8 changed to lysine ).
17.
When a cigarette is smoked, nicotine-rich blood passes from the brain within seven seconds and immediately stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; this indirectly promotes the release of many chemical messengers such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, arginine vasopressin, serotonin, dopamine, and beta-endorphin in parts of the brain.
18.
In this case, kidneys may reduce urine output, mucous membrane in the mouth, nose and eyes may dry out; urine and sweat output will decrease; the release of arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) will increase; and veins and arteries will constrict to maintain blood pressure with a smaller blood volume.
19.
A new model has recently surfaced in the literature regarding the HPA axis ( structures in the brain that get activated in response to stress ) and its involvement with dysthymia ( e . g . phenotypic variations of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and arginine vasopressin ( AVP ), and down-regulation of adrenal functioning ) as well as forebrain serotonergic mechanisms.
