Some probe designs have additional pins surrounding the BNC or use a more complex connector than a BNC . These extra connections allow the probe to inform the oscilloscope of its attenuation factor ( 10? 100? other ).
12.
The two polarizations are mutually discriminated by a cross-polar-discrimination factor ( XPD, for more details see XPIC ) : at the receiving site, XPD is the attenuation factor of each polarized stream towards the cross-polarized one.
13.
Both the surface and atmospheric weights are dependent on the surface emissivity e _ S, the absorption coefficient \ kappa ( z ) and the earth incidence angle \ theta; the surface weight is the product of e _ S and an attenuation factor:
14.
In particular, if the frequencies are correct, but the phase is wrong, contribution from \ theta is a constant attenuation factor, also \ Delta \ omega \ cdot t represents a cyclic inversion of the recovered signal, which is a serious form of distortion.
15.
In this equation a _ 1 and a _ 2 are attenuation factors, E _ y is the luminance signal, ( E _ b-E _ y ) and ( E _ r-E _ y ) are the so-called color difference signals and \ omega is the angular frequency of the color carrier . \ omega is within the luminance bandwidth.
16.
Then from the first surface the maximum contribution is 0.5, for the reflection from the second : 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25, the third : 0.25 * 0.5 = 0.125, the fourth : 0.125 * 0.5 = 0.0625, the fifth : 0.0625 * 0.5 = 0.03125, etc . In addition we might implement a distance attenuation factor such as 1 / D2, which would also decrease the intensity contribution.
