| 11. | Uniquely for an avian malaria species development and maturation of the gametocytes occur in immature red blood cells.
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| 12. | Huff and Bloom in 1935 demonstrated stages of avian malaria that transpire outside blood cells ( exoerythrocytic ).
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| 13. | In 1999, the zoo lost all of its penguins ( 22 African and 5 macaroni ) to avian malaria.
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| 14. | There is evidence for evolution of resistance to avian malaria in two endemic species, O?ahu ?amakihi and Hawai?i ?amakihi.
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| 15. | Avian malaria, to which most Hawaiian honeycreepers have little rats are thought to be major predators of eggs and nestlings.
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| 16. | The introduction of avian malaria and avipoxvirus, for example, have had a negative impact on the endemic birds of Hawaii.
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| 17. | In 1999, some 4 percent of blackcaps & mdash; a species once unaffected by avian malaria & mdash; were infected.
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| 18. | Canarypox, together with avian malaria, are the most devastating diseases for birds on the island of Hawaii and surrounding regions.
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| 19. | Using more convenient model of birds, by July 1898 he established the importance of mosquitoes as intermediate hosts in avian malaria.
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| 20. | Avian malaria parasites have been isolated from the species while H4N3 and H5N1 infection has been noted in a few cases.
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