Neither Strabol nor Karbol have been much explored due to their respective hazards, and Carson realizes that Danus is showing him an incomplete, and faulty, azimuthal projection of either Venus'northern or southern hemisphere ( Carson later deduces it is the southern ).
12.
Some azimuthal projections are true perspective projections; that is, they can be constructed mechanically, projecting the surface of the Earth by extending lines from a point of perspective ( along an infinite line through the tangent point and the tangent point's antipode ) onto the plane:
13.
Because spherical maps are stored as azimuthal projections of the environments they represent, an abrupt point of singularity ( a black hole effect ) is visible in the reflection on the object where texel colors at or near the edge of the map are distorted due to inadequate resolution to represent the points accurately.
