Polymixin B prevents endotoxin from binding to inflammatory cells, but is potentially nephrotoxic, so should be used with caution in horses with azotemia, especially neonatal foals.
12.
In pre-renal and post-renal azotemias, elevation of the BUN exceeds that of the creatinine ( i . e ., BUN > 12 * creatinine ).
13.
If hyponatremia ( low sodium ) and hyperkalemia ( high potassium ) are severe, the resulting hypovolemia, prerenal azotemia, and cardiac arrhythmias may result in an Addisonian crisis.
14.
"' Azotemia "'is another word that refers to high levels of urea but is used primarily when the abnormality can be measured chemically but is not yet so severe as to produce symptoms.
15.
In congestive heart failure ( a cause of pre-renal azotemia ) or any other condition that causes poor perfusion of kidneys, the sluggish flow of glomerular filtrate results in excessive absorption of BUN and elevation of its value in blood.
16.
Unfortunately, serum creatinine production is variable and can reflect hemodynamic variation in the glomerular filtration rate formerly known as prerenal azotemia; therefore, the comparison is not always reliable because creatinine and NGAL measure different components of renal ( dys ) function.
17.
I should add that Wikipedia assumes " zero " liability if tempting a cat with azotemia with nitrogen-rich fish causes a worsening of the condition, and anyone who actually " has " said cat indeed had best ask the vet some questions.
18.
Symptoms of scleroderma renal crisis are malignant hypertension ( high blood pressure with evidence of acute organ damage ), hyperreninemia ( high renin levels ), azotemia ( kidney failure with accumulation of waste products in the blood ) and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ( destruction of red blood cells ).
