The hybrid populations are propagated, however, not by the above primary hybridisations, but predominantly by backcrosses with one of the parental species they coexist ( live in sympatry ) with ( see below in the middle ).
12.
Unlike many other spleenworts, it is not particularly sensitive to soil pH . It hybridizes with several other spleenworts, particularly allotetraploid hybrids, and backcrosses to the parents are collectively known as the " Appalachian " Asplenium " complex ".
13.
Studies of mtDNA and allozymes in adult populations show that the distribution of genotypes between the two species is bimodal; pure parental types are most common ( representing above 75 % of individuals ) while backcrosses close to parental forms are the next most prevalent.
14.
There is strong evidence, consistent with their relative size, of the larger " A . chrysopterus " always being the mother and unidirectional introgression of " A . chrysopterus " mitochondrial DNA into " A . sandaracinos " via hybrid backcrosses.
15.
The gene will also be transferred with the least amount of backcrosses to cultivars genetically closest to each other, generation similar genetic offspring to the recurrent parent, but with gene Lr37, Genetic distances between near isogenic lines ( NILs ) for a particular gene will also give an indication of how many loci, amplified with molecular techniques, need to be compared in order to locate putative markers linked to the gene.
16.
"A . tutwilerae " is most likely to be confused with " A . ?ebenoides ", from which it can be distinguished by its fertile, well-formed spores ( as opposed to the malformed, sterile spores of the latter ) . " A . tutwilerae " also backcrosses with " A . platyneuron " to form the sterile triploid " A . ?boydstoniae ", but the hybrid's morphology is much closer to " A . platyneuron ".
