In the skulls of both species of " Rhabdognathus ", the posterior margin is inclined so that both the occipital condyle and the basioccipital tubera below it are visible in occipital view.
12.
However, this species was later recognized as distinct from " Gavialis " on the basis of certain aspects of the known cranial material, in particular the large foramen aerum of the basioccipital tuberosity.
13.
In " Ziapelta ", the bones of the upper rear skull sides, the exoccipitalia, do not contribute to this condyle which is fully formed by the basioccipital, the lower rear braincase element.
14.
Ophthalmosaurines were characterized by a large extracondylar area of the basioccipital in form of a thick and concave peripheral band, posterodistally deflected ulnar facet of the humerus, large ulna with concave and edgy posterior surface and ischiopubis with obturator foramen.
15.
The "'basioccipital "'lies in front of the opening, the two exoccipital condyles lie to either side, and the larger supraoccipital lies to the posterior, and forms at least part of the rear of the cranium.
16.
In both species of " Rhabdognathus ", the space between the occipital condyle and the basioccipital tubera ( both located in the back of the skull where the vertebrae articulate ) is anteroposteriorly longer than in " D . phosphaticus ".
17.
Comparative study in 2013 on carbon and oxygen stable isotopes within modern and fossil tooth enamel revealed that " Ardipithecus " fed both basioccipital element ) in " Ardipithecus " are also found only " Australopithecus " and " Homo " clade.
18.
These probably supported the zygapophyses all appeared to have been large and robust ( with the latter bearing many pits and edges that likely represent muscle scars ), and the basioccipital tuberosities were long; these all serve as points of attachment for various muscles of the head and neck.
19.
Most notably " S . insonus " is smaller in : length of upper incisors, skull length, nasal length, width of basioccipital, auditory bulla length, the depth of shiled bullae, skull depth, width across infraorbital canals, mandible height and mandible ramus depth.
20.
In comparison to those of " Tachyoryctes audax ", the nasal bones are larger and have angles at the sides . " T . annectens ", which is nearly as large, has smaller teeth and nasals; in " T . rex ", the basioccipital is broader, and the back part of the mandible ( lower jaw ) is better developed and has the capsule of the incisor placed further to the front.
