Aberration-corrected STEM provided the added resolution and beam current critical to the implementation of atomic resolution chemical mapping with spectroscopic techniques.
12.
This allows for the use of low energy beam currents in HI-ERDA preventing sample degradation and excessive heating of the specimen.
13.
The ion beam current, which is quantitative measure for the deposited amount of material, can be monitored during the deposition process.
14.
Its negative potential controls the portion of emitted electrons entering into the accelerating field, i . e ., the electron beam current.
15.
The beam current absorbed by the specimen can also be detected and used to create images of the distribution of specimen current.
16.
The strong charge needed for radial confinement of the ions requires large electron beam currents of tens up to hundreds of milliampere.
17.
Both the implant temperature and ion beam current density are crucial to control in order to obtain a monodisperse nanoparticle size and depth distribution.
18.
As a result, a key feature in next generation RFQ beam coolers will be their ability to handle beam currents in the microampere range.
19.
The problems arose when the beam current of a pick-up tube was insufficient to fully discharge the target in very bright areas of an image.
20.
To aid in viewing such signals, special oscilloscopes have borrowed from night vision technology, employing a microchannel plate electron multiplier behind the tube face to amplify faint beam currents.
