| 11. | The use of this frequency will establish a negative DC-bias voltage on the sample surface.
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| 12. | In this case a bias voltage is applied to all electrodes, to make the membrane initially spherical.
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| 13. | The bias voltage must be subtracted from the total " B " or HT voltage in gain calculations.
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| 14. | Reducing the bias voltage in traditional RSFQ circuits can reduce the static power dissipation and improve energy efficiency.
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| 15. | This produces a bias voltage signal to represent the background brightness level, making brighter objects stand out.
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| 16. | For vacuum tubes, a grid bias voltage is often applied to the grid electrodes for the same reason.
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| 17. | For a nanochannel with a low aspect ratio, high selectivity is possible when the bias voltage is low.
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| 18. | Therefore, devices made of such materials are normally operated around a bias voltage in order to behave nearly linearly.
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| 19. | The electric current is then suppressed at low bias voltages and the resistance of the device is no longer constant.
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| 20. | The Wehnelt bias voltage creates a repulsive electrostatic field that condenses the cloud of primary electrons produced by the filament.
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