At baseline in the dark, the rhodopsin absorbs no light and releases glutamate which inhibits the bipolar cell.
12.
The synaptic contacts amongst photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells were preserved in the TUDCA treated P23H rats.
13.
The bipolar cell active zone of the ribbon synapse can release neurotransmitter continuously for hundreds of milliseconds during strong stimulation.
14.
Information is conveyed from photoreceptor cells to bipolar cells via the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate at the ribbon synapse.
15.
Since the photoreceptor is depolarized in the dark, a high amount of glutamate is being released to bipolar cells in the dark.
16.
When light falls on a receptor it sends a proportional response synaptically to bipolar cells which in turn signal the retinal ganglion cells.
17.
It then bypasses the ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells in order to reach the photoreceptors rod cells which absorb light.
18.
AII-amacrine cells capture rod bipolar cell input and redistribute it to cone bipolar cells since rod-driven bipolar cells do not synapse on ganglion cells.
19.
The central rod will send its excitatory neural response directly to bipolar cells which in turn will relay the signal to the ganglion cells.
20.
AII-amacrine cells capture rod bipolar cell input and redistribute it to cone bipolar cells since rod-driven bipolar cells do not synapse on ganglion cells.
