The bulking materials are intended for injection between the urethral submucosa and the superficial urethral muscle and between the bladder neck and the mid-urethra.
12.
Others use pessaries, like Introl, that are inserted into the vagina to support the bladder neck, though these have to be carefully fitted and changed regularly.
13.
The levator muscle passes around the vagina and the rectum and inserts into the levator plate, which can elevate rectum, the vagina and the bladder neck together.
14.
"A 10-year review of the endoscopic treatment of the vesical outlet obstruction in spinal cord injured patients ( 125 cases ) : does bladder neck dyssynergia exist?
15.
When alpha 1 receptors in the bladder neck and the prostate are blocked, this causes a relaxation in smooth muscle and therefore less resistance to urinary flow.
16.
Conversely, urethral bulking with collagen has been studied after prior urethral surgery ( mostly bladder neck suspension ) for stress incontinence, with 93 % reporting cure or improvement.
17.
Conversely, afferent input causes contraction of the sphincter through excitation of Onuf's nucleus, and contraction of the bladder neck and urethra through excitation of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
18.
Tamsulosin, and other medications in the class called alpha blockers, work by relaxing bladder neck muscles and muscle fibers in the prostate itself and make it easier to urinate.
19.
While surgery to lift up the bladder is often needed, doing a hysterectomy at the same time " does not help and may even compromise the success of bladder neck surgery,"
20.
In high-risk patients who are poor surgical candidates with pelvic organ prolapse and stress incontinence when a pessary has provided excellent control of prolapse and has provided temporary stabilization of bladder neck mobility.
