| 11. | The family generally has a monogamous breeding system.
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| 12. | Gynodioecy is extremely rare, with fewer than 1 % of angiosperm species exhibiting the breeding system.
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| 13. | Polygamous breeding systems arise when females are able to raise broods without the help of males.
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| 14. | In 2013, " A . lentulus " was found to have a heterothallic functional sexual breeding system.
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| 15. | This also makes male mortality selective, which may affect the breeding system, mating success and, gene flow.
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| 16. | Punishment is also a method used by cichlid " Neolamprologous pulcher " in their cooperative breeding systems.
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| 17. | The Kentish plover has an especially flexible breeding system, including both monogamous and polygamous behaviours within populations.
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| 18. | The kkpM is a lek-breeding system.
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| 19. | This was the beginning of his systematic reorganization of the genus " Ficus " based on breeding systems.
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| 20. | In terms of breeding systems the Malagasy Dombeyoideae are hermaphroditic, whereas those of the Mascarenes are considered dioecious.
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