PPDK is used in the mesophyll cells ( which are located on the outside of a leaf ) to bundle sheath cells ( which are located inside the cells ).
12.
This is then converted back to pyruvate ( through a malate intermediate ), to release the CO 2 in the deeper layer of bundle sheath cells for carbon fixation by RuBisCO and the Calvin cycle.
13.
Incident light that stimulates a chemical reaction in one leaf, will cause a chain reaction of signals to the entire plant via a type of cell termed a " bundle sheath cell ".
14.
Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the outer ring.
15.
In order to maintain a significantly higher concentration in the bundle sheath compared to the mesophyll, the boundary layer of the kranz has a low conductance to, a property that may be enhanced by the presence of suberin.
16.
The vein endings consist of a single trachoid strand of elongated parenchyma cells enclosed by the bundle sheath compared with healthy ones ( "'Sofy " et al ., " 2007 "').
17.
A : Mesophyll Cell B : Chloroplast C : Vascular Tissue D : Bundle Sheath Cell E : Stroma F : Vascular Tissue : provides continuous source of water 1 ) Carbon is fixed to produce oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase . 2 ) The four carbon molecule then exits the cell and enters the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells . 3 ) It is then broken down releasing carbon dioxide and producing pyruvate.
18.
A : Mesophyll Cell B : Chloroplast C : Vascular Tissue D : Bundle Sheath Cell E : Stroma F : Vascular Tissue : provides continuous source of water 1 ) Carbon is fixed to produce oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase . 2 ) The four carbon molecule then exits the cell and enters the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells . 3 ) It is then broken down releasing carbon dioxide and producing pyruvate.
19.
Although most plants exhibit kranz anatomy, there are, however, a few species that operate a limited cycle without any distinct bundle sheath tissue . " Suaeda aralocaspica ", " Bienertia cycloptera, " " Bienertia sinuspersici " and " Bienertia kavirense " ( all chenopods ) are terrestrial plants that inhabit dry, salty depressions in the deserts of the Middle East.
20.
"Bienertia sinuspersici " conducts cell types, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, that are typical of Kranz anatomy in most C 4 plants . " Bienertia sinuspersici " and three other former chenopods ( " Suaeda aralocaspica ", " Bienertia cycloptera ", and " Bienertia kavirense " ) instead conduct single-celled C 4 photosynthesis within individual chlorenchyma cells.
