His " characteristica universalis ", calculus ratiocinator, and a " community of minds " intended, among other things, to bring political and religious unity to Europe can be seen as distant unwitting anticipations of artificial languages ( e . g ., Esperanto and its rivals ), symbolic logic, even the World Wide Web.
12.
Hartley Rogers saw a link between the two, defining the " calculus ratiocinator " as " an algorithm which, when applied to the symbols of any formula of the characteristica universalis, would determine whether or not that formula were true as a statement of science " ( Hartley Rogers, Jr . 1963; p . 934 ).
13.
"Begriffsschrift " is usually translated as " concept writing " or " concept notation "; the full title of the book identifies it as " a formula language, modeled on that of arithmetic, of pure thought . " Frege's motivation for developing his formal approach to logic resembled Leibniz's motivation for his calculus ratiocinator ( despite that, in his " Foreword"
