| 11. | The pale grey carapace is marked with two prominent dark stripes.
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| 12. | The carapace may reach wide, and from front to back.
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| 13. | The thoracic appendages carry gills, which are protected beneath the carapace.
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| 14. | The carapace was severely damaged with signs of abnormal healing.
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| 15. | Typically, 11 or 12 pairs of marginal scutes rim the carapace.
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| 16. | The carapace is high and domed, sometimes with pyramid shaped scutes.
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| 17. | The gills lie on the inner surface of the carapace.
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| 18. | A female tends to have a shorter tail and a broader carapace.
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| 19. | Juveniles attain the high-domed carapace soon after hatching.
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| 20. | Their upper shell or carapace ranges from brown to black.
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