The formation is described by W . G . Pierce as thick, lenticular, grey sandstone, gray shale, carbonaceous shale, and bentonite.
12.
The bottom of the formation typically consists of a basal sandstone unit overlain by the interbedded coal seams, carbonaceous shales and mudstones of the Mackay coal zone.
13.
The Hoback Formation was likely formed in a forested floodplain environment during a period of humid climate, as indicated by plentiful coal, carbonaceous shale, and fossilized plant remains.
14.
It noted that the Albuquerque Basin, like other basins formed during the Laramide orogeny, contains a thick layer of coals, carbonaceous shales and marine shales from the Cretaceous era.
15.
In southwestern Alberta around the Red Deer and Oldman Rivers, the middle carbonaceous shale unit is absent and the formation consists of white-weathering, cross-bedded kaolinitic sandstones interbedded with white-to cream-weathering silty and sandy clay.
16.
Where coal or carbonaceous shale is present, increased infiltration may result in : increased runoff of poor-quality water and erosion from spoil piles, recharge of poor-quality water to shallow groundwater aquifers and poor-quality water flow to nearby streams.
17.
This horse shoe shaped valley is surrounded by giant hills and there are several pathways to reach the villages located inside the valley . The rocks are mostly by the Archaean era which are nearly 2500 million years and comprised with Granite gneiss, green schists, basic rocks, quartz with Gondwana sediments including conglomerate sandstone, shales and carbonaceous shales . The unique composite carbon on the rocks called Shilajit is also found on few patches in upper zones.
18.
In south central Pennsylvania, the Marcellus is mapped with three members, from top to base : The Mahanoy Member ( Dmm ), a dark gray to grayish black silty shale and siltstone; the Turkey Ridge Member ( Dmt ), an olive to dark-gray fine to medium grained sandstone; and the Shamokin Member ( Dms ), a dark gray to grayish black fissile carbonaceous shale that is calcareous in places near the base.
