| 11. | Presumably Arnulf was named after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a progenitor of the Carolingian dynasty.
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| 12. | Though Welf himself never became publicly prominent, his family became interwoven with the Carolingian dynasty.
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| 13. | The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis Philippe was deposed in 1848.
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| 14. | During the Carolingian dynasty, the region now occupied by Haaren belonged to the Aachen Royal Court.
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| 15. | During the Carolingian dynasty, the St . Laurentius church was erected on a hill in Laurensberg.
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| 16. | Prior to the death of Charlemagne, the Empire was divided among various members of the Carolingian dynasty.
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| 17. | The cooperation between the papacy and the Carolingian dynasty climaxed in 800, when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor.
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| 18. | The Frankish Carolingian dynasty frequently connected themselves to David; Charlemagne himself occasionally used the name of David as his pseudonym.
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| 19. | The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century.
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| 20. | Ulm is mentioned as a demesne in 854, and under the Carolingian dynasty it was the scene of several assemblies.
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