The first indication of the carrier state is the appearance of Contagious Equine Metritis and / or lack of pregnancy in the mares covered by the stallion.
12.
Vaccines are often highly effective, but the live parasite vaccines have problems of potential contamination with other microbes and induction of a carrier state which may be unwanted.
13.
Thus, it appeared for a time that resistance to cholera explained the selective advantage to being a carrier for CF and why the carrier state was so frequent.
14.
It is a lytic phage, though under certain circumstances has been observed to display a delay in lysis which may be described as a " carrier state ".
15.
It is very important to recognize that unlike HIV or hepatitis, West Nile virus is an acute infectious disease and we are unaware of any kind of chronic carrier state,
16.
Thus, it is recommended by organizations such as the American Paint Horse Association that horses of any pattern with overo ancestors be tested to verify their carrier state before being bred.
17.
They may then move back into the infectious compartment and suffer symptoms ( as in tuberculosis ) or they may continue to infect others in their carrier state, while not suffering symptoms.
18.
In private households, FCV is present in about 10 % of cats ( either in active or carrier state ), while the prevalence in shelters or catteries is 25 to 40 %.
19.
Two decades later, the Conrad family was able to produce a letter from the carrier stating that the missing persons case had been resolved thanks to the efforts of, " Agent Connolly ."
20.
It is thought that mother-to-child perinatal transmission and the establishment of a lifelong highly infectious carrier state are responsible for the observed high rates of endemicity in high-prevalence regions such as South and East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
