While the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate is well-known and extensively characterized, the non-coenzyme action of thiamine and derivatives may be realized through binding to a number of recently identified proteins which do not use the catalytic action of thiamine diphosphate
12.
The theory asserts that energy and structure ( also information ) become synonymous in complex biological structures via a self-organizing, multiple-scale catalytic process ( thus : bioenergetics = bioinformatics ) the proposed mechanism involving the catalytic action of soliton propagation in ( biological ) excitable media.
13.
To complete the reaction, the serine and histidine residues reverse their original catalytic actions : the histidine, now basic, abstracts a proton from water, priming it as a nucleophile to attack at C2, and the protonated serine is deprotonated by the " cis "-aconitate double bond to complete the hydration, producing isocitrate.
