As a sustainable alternative to the relatively inefficient electrolysis, hydrogen can be generated from organic wastes ( such as biomass or food-industry waste ), using catalytic reforming.
12.
Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics ( benzene, toluene, and xylenes ) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as " reformate ".
13.
Nor is this process to be confused with various other catalytic reforming processes that use methanol or biomass-derived feedstocks to produce hydrogen for fuel cells or other uses.
14.
However, for the most part, catalytic reforming is mainly used on the straight-run heavy naphthas, such as those in the above table, derived from the distillation of crude oils.
15.
The main step was construction of catalytic reforming semi-production unit, which allowed testing this process and submitting the necessary data for designing and construction of large scale commercial units.
16.
This SMR process is quite different from and not to be confused with catalytic reforming of naphtha, an oil refinery process that also produces significant amounts of hydrogen along with high octane gasoline.
17.
Of particular importance in heterogeneous catalysis are the platinum group metals and other transition metals, which are used in hydrogenations, catalytic reforming and in the synthesis of commodity chemicals such as nitric acid and ammonia.
18.
Another important reason for removing sulfur from the poisons the noble metal catalysts ( platinum and rhenium ) in the catalytic reforming units that are subsequently used to upgrade the octane rating of the naphtha streams.
19.
The overall net production of hydrogen in the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthas ranges from about 50 to 200 cubic meters of hydrogen gas ( at 0 �C and 1 atm ) per cubic meter of liquid naphtha feedstock.
20.
Creation and establishing of the scientific and research enterprise on development and introduction of petrochemical processes in Krasnodar is closely related to solving the issue of introduction of catalytic reforming process for gasoline fractions in Russian oil refining industry.
