Here loaning must have occurred predating the depalatalisation of centum languages, and the later development into the Baltic * a reflected as Finn . " h " in borrowings, or Iranian * c medially reflected as Finn . " t ".
12.
In centum languages, they typically began with a sound ( Latin " centum " was pronounced with initial / k / ), but in satem languages, they often began with ( the example " satem " comes from the Avestan language of Zoroastrian scripture ).
13.
The theory was undermined in the early 20th century by the discovery of Johannes Schmidt, suggesting that the satem isogloss represents a linguistic innovation in the central part of the Proto-Indo-European home range, and the centum languages along the eastern and the western peripheries did not undergo that change.
14.
A large amount of linguistic change is due to innovation in a prestigious center such as Paris in French or youth culture centered on NY and LA in the US . But the phenomenon even can be found in the innovative Satem dialects of Indo-European which were centered on the Pontic homeland with the Centum languages being found on the periphery.
15.
3 PIE and H became Proto-Germanic " un "; similarly for, and . " K " refers to either of the PIE sounds " 1 " or " k ", which fell together in Proto-Germanic and the other Centum languages; or to any of the nine PIE velars when followed directly by a voiceless consonant ( especially " t " ) . " H " refers to any laryngeal sound.
