They are characterized by their long, stiff necks formed from elongated cervical vertebrae with very long cervical ribs.
12.
Only the capitula, tubercula, and part of the anterior and posterior processes of the cervical ribs are preserved.
13.
The cervical ribs are currently broken, but the original description notes that at least some originally exceeded centrum length.
14.
Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms; cervical ribs are generally discovered incidentally.
15.
Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms; cervical ribs are generally discovered incidentally.
16.
Cervical ribs are hatchet-shaped and have two articular heads . " Plesiosaurus " also has shoulder and pelvis.
17.
A "'cervical rib "'in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra.
18.
A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.6 % ( 1 in 150 people ) to 0.8 % of the population.
19.
On imaging, cervical ribs can be distinguished because their transverse processes are directed inferolaterally, whereas those of the adjacent thoracic spine are directed anterolaterally.
20.
Like both of these animals, " Mendozasaurus " had a long, thick neck with very heavy cervical ribs and massive neural spines.
