Ru ( bipy ) 3 2 + was found to catalyze the fragmentation of tosylphenylselenide to phenylselenolate anion and tosyl radical and that a radical chain propagation mechanism allowed the addition of tosyl radical and phenylseleno-radical across the double bond of electron rich alkyl vinyl ethers.
12.
Conversely, if initiation is much slower than chain propagation ( i . e . initiation is the rate determining step ) then the active species will form at different points during the reaction leading to wider distribution between the individual polymer chains degree of polymerization ( or chain length ) and molecular weight ( figure 1 and 2 ).
13.
Where " f " is the efficiency of the initiator and k d, k p, and k t are the constants for initiator dissociation, chain propagation and termination, respectively . [ I ], [ M ] and [ M " ] is the concentration of the initiator, monomer and the active growing chain.
14.
Based on the results of studies in this field he concluded that depending on the process conditions, the chain branching could occur on the walls of the reactor as a result of decomposition of unstable intermediate compounds, such as peroxides, with the ejection of radicals into the reactor volume where they will continue the chain propagation in the gas phase.
