| 11. | A nearly identical process occurs in other species, especially among chordates.
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| 12. | Fossil chordates are known from at least as early as the Cambrian explosion.
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| 13. | Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates.
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| 14. | Other chordates do not show any trends towards cephalisation.
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| 15. | Pineal cytostructure seems to have evolutionary similarities to the retinal cells of chordates.
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| 16. | Gap junctions are composed of membrane proteins that form a non-chordates.
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| 17. | There are many important differences between chordates and echinoderms.
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| 18. | Echinoderm larvae, like chordates, are bilaterally symmetric.
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| 19. | There is evidence that invertebrate chordates are also inverted.
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| 20. | PRR12 is found in most chordate species as far back as the coelacanth.
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