Blood from the victims of the terrorist attack showed that they were more likely to have a chromosome mutation called sister chromatid exchange, or SCE, Kyodo News cited Dr . Masayasu Minami as saying.
12.
Lander, a DNA expert at the Whitehead Institute in Boston, said Foster's evidence showed there was a less than 1 percent chance that a person chosen at random would share the same set of Y chromosome mutations that exist in the Jefferson lineage.
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The report that brought about this information, from blood samples collected by Eugene Foster of Charlottesville, a retired professor of pathology at Tufts University, indicates strongly that Eston Hemings, Sally Hemings'youngest son, had unusual Y chromosome mutations, the same as in the Jefferson lineage.
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The researchers concluded from testing that when metabolically activated, " PAs produce DNA adducts, DNA cross-linking, DNA breaks, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, and chromosome mutations " in vivo " and " in vitro " . " The most common mutation within the genes ares G : C-- > T : A tranversions and tandem base substitution.
15.
A "'chromosome anomaly "', "'abnormality "', "'aberration "', or "'mutation "'is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA . It can be from an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes . "'Chromosome mutation "'was formerly used in a strict sense to mean a change in a chromosomal segment, involving more than one gene.
