The climax vegetation of oak and beech woodland has not been achieved due to the impact of human activities of clearing grazing land, as well as grazing by red deer and rabbits.
12.
This plant is common in the saltlands of the Indian sub-continent, and is one of the dominant plants in the " Tamarix / Salvadora / Suaeda " climax vegetation.
13.
The intensive use of the " G�u " regions for crops has displaced the originally wooded countryside ( ?! " climax vegetation " in contrast with the steppe heath theory and disputed megaherbivore hypothesis ).
14.
These forests are climax vegetation and are dominated by angiosperms ( " Nothofagus cunninghamii, Atherosperma moschatum " and " Eucryphia lucida " ) as well as gymnosperms ( " Athrotaxis selaginoides Lagarostrobos franklinii " and " Phyllocaldues aspleniifolius ".
15.
Initially, in the late-glacial and early Holocene ( Mesolithic ) period, there is little sign of any human impacts on the landscape, but there are signs of forest fires shown by fire climax vegetation, which could have been prevalent as a result of Mesolithic activity.
16.
The shola-forest and grassland complex has been described as a climatic climax vegetation with forest regeneration and expansion restricted by climatic conditions such as frost or soil characteristics while others have suggested that it may have anthropogenic origins in the burning and removal of forests by early herders and shifting agriculturists.
17.
These forests are climax vegetation and are dominated by angiosperms such as " Nothofagus cunninghamii " ( myrtle beech ), " Atherosperma moschatum " ( sassafras ), and " Eucryphia lucida " ( leatherwood ) as well as gymnosperms such as " Athrotaxis selaginoides " ( King Billy Pine ), " Lagarostrobos franklinii " ( huon or macquarie pine ) and " Phyllocladus aspleniifolius " ( celery-top pine ).
