Certain Laos PDR, and Vietnam ) or " Clonorchis sinensis " ( found in China, Taiwan, eastern Russia, Korea, and Vietnam ) has been associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
12.
Parasitic infections associated with cancer include " Schistosoma haematobium " ( squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder ) and the liver flukes, " Opisthorchis viverrini " and " Clonorchis sinensis " ( cholangiocarcinoma ).
13.
Parasitic infections strongly associated with cancer include " Schistosoma haematobium " ( squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder ) and the liver flukes, " Opisthorchis viverrini " and " Clonorchis sinensis " ( cholangiocarcinoma ).
14.
Differential symptoms of parasite infection by raw fish : " Clonorchis sinensis " ( a trematode / fluke ), " Anisakis " ( a nematode / roundworm ) and " Diphyllobothrium " a ( cestode / tapeworm ), all have gastrointestinal, but otherwise distinct, symptoms.
15.
Parasite infection by raw fish is rare in the developed world ( fewer than 40 cases per year in the U . S . ), and involves mainly three kinds of parasites : Clonorchis sinensis ( a trematode / fluke ), Anisakis ( a nematode / roundworm ) and Diphyllobothrium ( a cestode / tapeworm ).
16.
Analysis of preserved fecal matter found on cloth covers wrapped around the ends of sticks revealed the remains of roundworm ( Ascaris lumbricoides ), whipworm ( Trichuris trichiura ), tapeworm ( Taenia solium ), and Chinese liver fluke ( Clonorchis sinensis ) ( Yeh et al . 2016; Bower 2016; Newitz 2016 ).
17.
Known risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma include primary sclerosing cholangitis ( an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts ), infection with the parasitic liver flukes " Opisthorchis viverrini " or " Clonorchis sinensis ", some congenital liver malformations, and exposure to Thorotrast ( thorium dioxide ), a chemical formerly used in medical imaging.
18.
Aflatoxin B 1, which is produced by the fungus " Aspergillus flavus " growing on stored infectious organisms which cause cancer in humans include some bacteria ( e . g . " Helicobacter pylori " ) and helminths ( e . g . " Opisthorchis viverrini " and " Clonorchis sinensis " ).
