This is especially an issue in real time systems, where unbounded collection cycles are generally unacceptable; real-time garbage collection is possible by pausing the garbage collector, while real-time manual memory management requires avoiding large deallocations, or manually pausing deallocation.
12.
Manual memory management and garbage collection both suffer from potentially unbounded deallocation times manual memory management because deallocating a single object may require deallocating its members, and recursively its members'members, etc ., while garbage collection may have long collection cycles.
13.
In order to avoid this, the allocator may, instead of failing, trigger a defragmentation ( or memory compaction cycle ) or other resource reclamation, such as a major garbage collection cycle, in the hope that it will then be able to satisfy the request.
14.
Although fashion editors enjoy distilling each collection cycle down to a single idea _ it is the spring of Anouk Aimee in " A Man and a Woman, " or the fall of Kitty Russell in " Gunsmoke " _ every fashion season includes themes, subthemes and digressions from subthemes.
15.
Generational garbage collection is a Java and the . NET Framework ) usually use some hybrid of the various strategies that have been described thus far; for example, most collection cycles might look only at a few generations, while occasionally a mark-and-sweep is performed, and even more rarely a full copying is performed to combat fragmentation.
16.
Careful design is necessary with these techniques to ensure that the main program does not interfere with the garbage collector and vice versa; for example, when the program needs to allocate a new object, the runtime system may either need to suspend it until the collection cycle is complete, or somehow notify the garbage collector that there exists a new, reachable object.
