| 11. | The title is a pun on the principle of biology known as common descent.
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| 12. | A clan is generally a descent group claiming common descent from an apical ancestor.
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| 13. | Later, the theory of evolution applied it as groundwork for the idea of common descent.
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| 14. | Wilhelm and Hermine were 5th cousins through common descent from George II of Great Britain.
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| 15. | In evolutionary theory, species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common descent.
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| 16. | But the common descent of organisms requires random mutation to introduce new genes into a population.
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| 17. | More recently, evidence for common descent has come from the study of biochemical similarities between organisms.
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| 18. | Evidence of common descent can also be found through paleontological studies of speciation within geologic strata.
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| 19. | Johnson rejects common descent and does not take a position on the age of the Earth.
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| 20. | In the " Obshchina " alliances were formed primarily through marriage and common descent of kin.
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