During this time, Loevinger and her research team developed a number of studies and finding, including the renowned Washington University Sentence Completion Test.
12.
Susanne Cook-Greuter has further refined both Loevinger's sentence-completion test instrument as well as definitions and distinctions among the stages of ego development.
13.
From this new concept, Loevinger then developed the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, which remains the primary method of determining ego development on Loevinger's scale.
14.
A sentence completion test form may be relatively short, such as those used to assess responses to advertisements, or much longer, such as those used to assess personality.
15.
For example, a recognition memory test might be used to index explicit or consciously guided uses of memory whereas a fragment-completion test might be used to index implicit or unconscious influences of memory.
16.
Compared to positivist instruments, such as Likert-type scales, sentence completion tests tend to have high face validity ( i . e ., the extent to which measurement items accurately reflect the concept being measured ).
17.
Nevertheless, the wide extent of her research must give a certain weight to her findings .'Loevinger's ( 1976 ) model of development is derived entirely from empirical research using her sentence completion test . . . The manuals contain hundreds of actual completions, organized by exemplary categories '.
18.
Researchers have developed a number of such instruments and methods to measure adult development stages, such as the moral judgment interview of Kohlberg, the Berlin Wisdom Interview, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, the Subject-Object Interview ( Lahey et al ., 2011 ), and the model of hierarchical complexity.
19.
When performing a word-stem completion test, patients were able to successfully complete the task when asked to complete the stem using the first word that came to mind, but when explicitly asked to recall a word to complete the stem that was on the study list, patients performed at below-average levels.
20.
Using a test of death-thought accessibility ( DTA ), involving an ambiguous word completion test ( e . g . " COFF _ _ " could either be completed as either " COFFEE " or " COFFIN " ), participants who had read the essay attacking their worldview were found to have a significantly higher level of DTA than the control group, who read a similar essay attacking Australian cultural values.
