In " The Truly Disadvantaged ", William Julius Wilson coined these processes as " concentration effects . " The primary effect is what he termed social isolation, defined as the lack of contact or of sustained interaction with individuals and institutions that represent mainstream society.
12.
TRIPS's wealth concentration effects ( moving money from people in developing countries to copyright and patent owners in developed countries ) and its imposition of artificial scarcity on the citizens of countries that would otherwise have had weaker intellectual property laws, are common bases for such criticisms.
