Moreover, consubstantiality implies that sinister morality can spread through both substances, as when the morality associated with a so-called autonomous activity serves as the morality for the larger context with which it is identified : One s morality as a specialist cannot be allowed to do duty for one s morality as a citizen.
12.
The Nicene Creed's central term, used to describe the relationship between the Father and the Son, is Homoousios ( ), or Consubstantiality, meaning " of the same substance " or " of one being " . ( The Athanasian Creed is less often used but is a more overtly anti-Arian statement on the Trinity .)
13.
All agree that the First Council of Nicaea included in its Creed the major term " homoousios " ( of the same essence ), which was used also by the Council of Chalcedon to speak of a double consubstantiality of Christ, " consubstantial with the Father as touching his Godhead, and consubstantial with us as touching his manhood ".
14.
The second section of the work advances dogmatic theses on ( 1 ) the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father, ( 2 ) the divinity of the Holy Spirit, ( 3 ) the distinction of the divine persons by relations of origin, and ( 4 ) the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son ( the Filioque ).
15.
The greatest danger of the Nicene Creed, these bishops believed, was Sabellianism, " the denial of a distinction between the three within the Godhead . " The Nicene Creed was thought to make this mistake and to leave the door open to Sabellianism by asserting consubstantiality and denying separate beings ( hypostases ) to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; the Dedication Creed was intended to shut that door.
16.
Gaston Bonet-Maury ( 1842 1919 ) comments : " Vald�s never discusses the Trinity ( even when commenting on Matt, xxviii . 19 ), reserving it ( in his " Latte Spirituale " ) as a topic for advanced Christians; yet he explicitly affirms the consubstantiality of the Son, whom he unites in doxologies with the Father and the Holy Spirit " ( Opusc . p . 145 ).
17.
All of these positions and the almost innumerable variations on them which developed in the 4th century were strongly and tenaciously opposed by Athanasius and other pro-Nicenes, who insisted on the doctrine of homoousion or consubstantiality, eventually prevailing in the struggle to define the dogma of the still-united Theodosius had published an edict, prior to the Council of Constantinople, declaring that the Nicene Creed was the legitimate doctrine and that those opposed to it were heretics.
18.
Adoptionism clearly conflicted with the claim, as in the " Gospel of John " ( see Alogi for those who rejected the Gospel of John ), that Jesus is the eternal orthodox doctrine of the consubstantiality of the Father and the Son ( the co-eminence of the Holy Spirit, and thus the Trinity, did not come about until the Fourth Ecumenical [ Council of Chalcedon ] in AD 451 ) and identified Jesus as eternally begotten.
