| 11. | :: Correct, the contact force is caused by the electrostatic repulsion of the electron clouds.
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| 12. | Certain contact forces describe specific phenomena and are important enough to have been given unique names.
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| 13. | In particular, the contact force is given by
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| 14. | However, it is better described as a non-contact force field having a finite range, albeit very short.
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| 15. | Molecular and quantum physics show that the electromagnetic force is the fundamental interaction responsible for contact forces.
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| 16. | Having greatly underestimated the Lugovalians'power, the Elgavan contact force is easily destroyed and Elgava falls days later.
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| 17. | The inadvertent contact forced Johnson to visit pit road two more times in the next four laps.
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| 18. | The distribution of internal contact forces throughout the volume of the body is assumed to be continuous.
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| 19. | The contact forced Burton's car to veer into Ricky Rudd's pit stall, where Rudd's crew was changing tires.
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| 20. | Contact forces are also direct forces.
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