| 11. | This is known as the Coupling constant of the problem.
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| 12. | For a given gauge field ( here we use ), with gauge coupling constant.
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| 13. | In the example below, the triplet coupling constant is larger than the doublet one.
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| 14. | In any given model, there is usually a finite-dimensional space of complex coupling constants.
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| 15. | Any coupling constants such as the electron charge are embodied in the vector potentials.
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| 16. | Additionally, the relative signs of the coupling constants can be elucidated from a COSY-45 spectrum.
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| 17. | The fields and coupling constant are really " bare " quantities, hence the subscript above.
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| 18. | A stronger-than-expected coupling constant would again imply the presence of right-handedness in the weak force.
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| 19. | A coupling constant plays an important role in dynamics.
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| 20. | But standard perturbation theory techniques don't work at distances, where the running coupling constant reaches 1.
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