However, the validity of the taxon " Craniata " was recently examined by Delarbre et al . ( 2002 ) using mtDNA sequence data, concluding the Myxini are more closely related to Hyperoartia than to Gnathostomata i . e ., that modern jawless fishes form a clade called Cyclostomata.
12.
A "'craniate "'is a member of "'Craniata "'( sometimes "'Craniota "'), a proposed clade of chordate animals that contains the Myxini ( hagfish ), Petromyzontida ( including lampreys ), and the much more numerous Gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates ) as living representatives.
