A single crystal of the same crystallographic orientation as the seed material is grown on the seed and is progressively formed along the length of the container.
12.
In solid-state physics, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is used to, among other things, characterize materials, measure temperature, and find the crystallographic orientation of a sample.
13.
In case of silicon, conduction band minima does not lie at " k " = 0 and the effective mass depends on the crystallographic orientation of the minimum as
14.
However, in practice, only a few different crystallographic orientations are both 1 . convenient to identify, to allow a figure to be produced, and 2 . able to produce reliable information about crystal properties.
15.
The substrate preparation includes choosing an appropriate material and its crystallographic orientation; cleaning it, often with a diamond powder to abrade a non-diamond substrate; and optimizing the substrate temperature ( about ) during the growth through a series of test runs.
