The presence of a formal fallacy in a deductive argument does not imply anything about the argument's premises or its conclusion ( see fallacy fallacy ).
12.
While the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive argument is " probable ", based upon the evidence given.
13.
Usually, but not always expressed as a noun, one of the requirements to informally prove a conclusion with a deductive argument is for all its terms to be used unambiguously.
14.
He argues that inductive reasoning cannot be rationally employed, since, in order to justify induction, one would either have to provide a sound deductive argument or an inductively strong argument.
15.
Both may actually be true, or even more probable as a result of the argument, but the deductive argument is still invalid because the conclusion does not follow from the premises in the manner described.
16.
Both may actually be true, or may even be more probable as a result of the argument; but the deductive argument is still invalid because the conclusion does not follow from the premises in the manner described.
17.
In a typical deductive argument, the premises " guarantee " the truth of the conclusion, while in an inductive argument, they are thought to provide reasons supporting the conclusion's " probable " truth.
18.
Both may actually be true, or even more probable as a result of the argument ( e . g . appeal to authority ), but the deductive argument is still invalid because the conclusion does not follow from the premises in the manner described.
19.
The formal fallacy of "'affirming a disjunct "'also known as "'the fallacy of the alternative disjunct "'or a "'false exclusionary disjunct "'occurs when a deductive argument takes the following logical form:
20.
The standards for evaluating non-deductive arguments may rest on different or additional criteria than truth, for example, the persuasiveness of so-called " indispensability claims " in transcendental arguments, the quality of hypotheses in retroduction, or even the disclosure of new possibilities for thinking and acting.
